National Honor Society Essay free essay sample

It is mind boggling that this year is my last year in Charlestown High School. As I glance back at the previous three years, there were a few piercing minutes when I was battling with my classes and would have quit any pretense of attempting to accomplish my objectives. Be that as it may, as a constant understudy, I decided to persevere through those minutes. Also, that is the manner by which I become an extraordinary understudy today. National Honor Society praises understudies who have exhibited greatness in the regions of grant, initiative, administration, and character. Being designated to turn into an individual from the National Honor Society is an exceptionally lofty respect, and I am thankful to be an applicant. To my affirmation, there are no sketchy episodes that could be utilized to challenge my determination into the National Honor Society. I continue a high evaluation point normal of 4. 2 while participating in school preliminary classes, for example, College English, AP-Calculus, and AP-Physics. We will compose a custom paper test on National Honor Society Essay or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page As of now I rank as number 9 among all the seniors at Charlestown High School. I am a respect move understudy who got 8 scholastic honors in the time of 2012, which incorporates school Character Award of 2012. Notwithstanding my educational accomplishments, I have taken an interest in different school and city rivalry, for example, the Boston Science Fair and I got in front of the pack in that opposition. I am likewise equipped for being a good chief. I am dependable and capable. In the event that something is anticipated from me, I attempt my best to satisfy the hopes and endeavor to improve. During my years in secondary school, I have taken part in numerous associations and authority projects, for example, the ELL Youth Advisory at Sociedad Latina, Chinese Immigrant Students Leadership (ChISL) and Youth Advisory Group at Boston Chinatown Neighborhood Center). I was chosen as a friend guide in ChISL. With my authority capacity, my colleagues and I made a short video clasp and won the White House AAPI video challenge called the â€Å"Champion of Changes†. It was stunning and the group got a chance to visit the White House. With my initiative aptitudes, I figure I will ready to make tremendous commitment to National Honor Society. Besides, I regularly volunteer to do support in my locale. I have been accomplishing humanitarian effort for Walk for Hunger since from 2011. Additionally I take an interest commonly in school food bank, which school gives food to families who need assistance. It was a brilliant encounter since I had the option to assist my locale in a positive manner. I like to be there for individuals who are in need since it shows individuals that I am a mindful and cherishing them. I accept the most significant necessity for picking up participation at National Honor Society would be a student’s character and character. As a matter of first importance, I figured out how to keep up an inspirational disposition considerably after my disappointments. I went to the United States as a green bean in 2010. Around then, I truly had tough time learning English and I didn’t excel on my tests. In any case, I didn’t surrender without any problem. Rather, I put more endeavors on my shortcoming and I conquered the trouble I had. Also, I figured out how to deal with myself and how to start new relationship with others, just as how to modify myself in new conditions. That is the reason I make a ton of companions in my locale. I am additionally an excited individual who might want to help and thought process different understudies. I want to be a decent good example for other more youthful understudies. Because of my capacities and past experience, I can be viewed as an important competitor since I exhibit the characteristics of administration, grant, administration, and character. Joining National Honor Society can improve me and assist me with improving as an individual. I need to substantiate myself as a fruitful understudy at Charlestown High School. In this manner, I ought to be chosen an individual from the National Honor Society.

A Mistake That Taught You an Important Lesson

Section 1: Basic ideas and terms This part addresses the accompanying inquiries: What is a word reference? What are the various sorts of word references? How might we depict a word reference? What are the components of a word reference? What are the various types of data word references give? What is a word reference? This is the main inquiry one experiences when finding out about word reference abilities or perusing any book on etymology (the specialty of incorporating word references). Characterizing the term â€Å"dictionary† is imperative to recognize it from other reference books, which may appear to be comparative, as encyclopedias.Etymologically, the word â€Å"dictionary† originates from the Middle Latin word â€Å"dictionarium,† which implies â€Å"collection of words and phrases†. This definition identifies with the essential capacity of word references which is posting the expressions of a language or a specific field of information. This straig htforward certainty is the premise of the considerable number of definitions proposed for a word reference. A word reference is a book utilized as a kind of perspective source which contains arrangements of words organized one after another in order or specifically, with clarifications of their implications (semantic data in monolingual word references) or with their counterparts (in bi-, tri-, or multilingual dictionaries).They may likewise incorporate more data identified with orthography (spelling, exchange spellings), morphology (syllabification, word articulations, subsidiary structures, morphological worldview), phonology (elocution, stress design), derivation (word history and starting point), language structure (grammatical feature, action word type, thing type, and so forth), pragmatics (use, recurrence of utilization, style, setting), and other semantic data (related words, for example, equivalents, antonyms). A word reference may differently be alluded to as: word book, d ictionary, thesaurus, jargon, glossary, and concordance.However, every single one of these is somewhat extraordinary in scope. For instance, a thesaurus (additionally from Latin, and which implies a treasury or a storage facility) presents equivalent words and antonyms; a glossary ordinarily gives a rundown of terms kept to a specific area of information with definitions. What recognizes a word reference from these various sorts is that none of them gives all the various types of phonetic data a word reference gives. Use thesaurus in a Sentence See pictures of thesaurus Search thesaurus on the Web Types of word references: Dictionaries shift in inclusion, size, and scope.They can be ordered based on various measures. Knowing the kinds of word references accessible is critical to choose which ones to purchase or use. The accompanying measures are utilized to order word references: 1) Number of dialects: Monolingual word references are written in one language as it were. Each word is trailed by its importance or different implications and likely other data identified with elocution, sentence structure, or word history. Bilingual word references are written in two dialects. Each word is trailed by its identical or potential reciprocals in another language.Bilingual word references could be uni-or mono-directional; that is, they go in one bearing in particular, from English to Arabic or tight clamp versa. They could likewise be bidirectional; that is, the word reference is isolated into two sections; the initial segment is from Language 1 to Language 2, and the subsequent one is from Language 2 to Language 1. Trilingual word references are written in three dialects. Multilingual language are written in multiple dialects. 2) Age of the clients: School word references are planned for school understudies and they are reviewed by youngsters' age: basic, center, and secondary school students.They are streamlined forms of grown-up references. They may likewise be allude d to as â€Å"children's dictionaries† in the event that they are planned for small kids. Grown-up word references, then again, are planned for grown-ups and these are the ones that interpreters use and they incorporate an assortment of word reference types, for example, school word references, current language word references, and complete word references. 3) Size of the word reference: This has to do with how completely a word reference covers the vocabulary of a specific language. The quantity of words is a proportion of its relative size contrasted and different word references in the equivalent language.According to this standards, word references can be ordered into the accompanying. an) Unabridged word references which are accepted to incorporate all the expressions of the English language (400,000 to 600,000 words). They give full inclusion to the vocabulary as a rule use and to particular dictionary, with models and all other data any word reference could give. As it were, they give total and definitive phonetic data. They are unreasonable for work area use on account of their size and cost, however they are accessible in libraries and are significant reference sources.Examples: Webster's Third New International Dictionary (NID3), and Oxford English word reference (OED) which has 20 volumes. Semi-unedited word references are those which incorporate around 315,000 words, for example, the Random House Dictionary. b) College word references incorporate from 150,000 to 170,000 words (right around 200,000 words). Models: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, The Random House College Dictionary, Webster's New World Dictionary of American English. They are called school word references since they are frequently utilized by understudies. c) Desk word references incorporate from 60,000 to 100,000 words.Examples: The American legacy word reference, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. They are called work area word references sinc e they are regularly kept on work areas for visit reference. School and work area word references are frequently abbreviated forms of bigger word references. Some distributing houses utilize the term school to allude to both school word references and work area word references. Some different houses utilize the term succinct to allude to work area word references; e. g. Brief Oxford Dictionary, Longman Concise English Dictionary. d) Pocket size word references, which incorporate from 40,000 to 60,000 words; e. g. Pocket Oxford Dictionary. 4) Scope of inclusion by subject:Subject-field word references are bound to an exceptional subject, for example, law or medication. Unique reason word references are constrained to one part of language: collocations, slang, elocution, historical background, equivalents, use, hostile and no-no words, spelling, lingo, neologisms, and so on. An utilitarian order of word references: For the motivation behind the current course, which eventually targets preparing understudies to utilize word references as expert interpreters, we will receive the accompanying grouping that depends on the elements of word references. Word references are separated into two kinds: customary and electronic dictionaries.I. Customary (or standard) word references: Traditional word references are printed word references (paper/print word references). They are separated into four fundamental classifications: semantic, visual, picture, and exhaustive word references. 1) Linguistic word references are word references that are worried about words and give semantic data and may contain a few pictures or delineations. They are additionally partitioned into four sorts: general, student, youngsters, and specific word references. a) General-reason word references manage the regular expressions of a language and are ordered by language specialists. They might be mono-or bilingual.They might be logical and help perusers to comprehend a word meaning, its elocution, s pelling, use, and so forth. They might be interpretation word references giving word reciprocals. Logical and interpretation word references might be unedited, school, work area, succinct, or pocket word references. Universally useful word references could likewise be creation word references (then again called activators) which are valuable recorded as a hard copy; they control you with respect to which words or articulations to use to communicate comparative or various thoughts. They center around use or importance in setting and on oral utilization, as opposed to clarifying their meanings.The first creation word reference is: Longman Language Activator: The World's First Production Dictionary (1993), Longman Essential Activator (transitional level). The lexical data is sorted out around roughly 1000 key terms that fill in as central focuses for pivotal arrangements of ideas. b) Learners' word references are focused on understudies learning a language. Models: Oxford Advanced Lear ner's Dictionary, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. c) Children word references are disentangled forms explicitly composed for kids. ) Specialized word references are isolated into two sorts: subject field word references and unique reason word references. Subject field word references are restricted to the jargon of explicit insightful zones or fields of information, for example, medication, law, religion, business and trade, writing, military undertakings and governmental issues, and so on. The quick development and advancement, and details in all the fields of information has brought about producing of new words or concentrated terms for which the general word references don't give sufficient information.Therefore, it got important to assemble subject word references which are committed totally to explicit subject fields. Thus many subject word references and glossaries in Humanities, Social Sciences and Science ; Technology a re coming out step by step. They are accumulated by the specialists in the distinctive subject fields. Particular reason word references manage various parts of language, for example, collocations, slang, maxims, phrasal action words, neologisms, shortened forms, language assortments and vernaculars, equivalents and antonyms, elocution, historical underpinnings, utilization, punctuation, word frequencies, and so forth ) Visual word references will in general be finished word references and depend on delineations and photographs or pictures; e. g. Merriam-Webster's Visual Dictionary Online. 3) Picture word references are regularly composed by theme as opposed to being an alphabetic rundown of words. They incorporate just a little corpus of words since they are regularly expected for c

Essay Topics on Fellowship of the Ring - Richard Taylor

Essay Topics on Fellowship of the Ring - Richard TaylorThe Fellowship of the Ring is a book I read before going to college, and I remember finding it on a shelf in my university library, and trying to piece together everything I had read about the movie. There was so much more than I had ever dreamed of, and it opened up such a world of possibilities for my imagination that I did not know how to handle it.I found a little book on The Fellowship of the Ring by the talented Richard Taylor. It really resonated with me, because it captured the essence of what I was feeling at the time. Taylor talks about his feelings and his interests and tells the story of his love for the Lord of the Rings series.I loved the way he describes the characters of the Fellowship of the Ring. His description of Frodo and the others created so much emotion within me, and I could not wait to get started. One thing I noticed while reading his essays was that he did not use adjectives to describe Frodo. He reall y emphasized the strength of each character, and how much their love for each other contributed to the success of the Fellowship.Even the elf girl Saruman, who he describes as 'a moral character', was described as being 'a frail creature of no worth'. That's really how I felt about her, too. But all I really wanted to know about her was how did she end up married to the enemy? Taylor describes her as a brilliant and intriguing character, but it would be interesting to know just what she was thinking.It is hard to imagine any woman playing a major role in a war and escape unscathed. Her survival is one of the chief reasons the people of Middle Earth loved Frodo so much. No other character is given the same kind of respect or stature as Saruman. In fact, I think that Taylor might have been inspired by Tolkien's own character Aragorn, in The Lord of the Rings, when he created his creation.When he describes the wizard Gandalf as 'a charmer with a great amount of wisdom', that's a perfec t description of Gandalf. Even if he did not realize it at the time, it was going to be Gandalf's advice that was going to keep Frodo alive through many perilous adventures. Taylor wrote about this aspect of the character as well, saying, 'Gandalf always insisted on making sure that Frodo and Sam had enough food to eat.' I loved this part, because I could see how it motivated Frodo to find a way to save his family from starvation.Just like Aragorn, Saruman was 'a good hearted woman in a world of strong men'. The Fellowship of the Ring can be said to be a metaphor for our own lives, especially in times of difficulty.

A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner - 1496 Words

People are subject to decay and death – these are inevitable aspects of life. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, Emily epitomizes these concepts as she attempts to hold on to the past. Emily is among the last of the Griersons – an aristocratic older family that had lost their influence after the Civil War. She is exposed to the fast changing perspectives and ideals of her town, Jefferson, and she refuses to relent as she continues to uphold her traditional southern values and social status. Emily progressively decays because she chains herself to the past and because of her uncompromising attitude towards the modernization of her environment. She then meets Homer Barron, a potential suitor from the North. However, Emily resorts to the extremes to keep him by her side and poisons him. Her intransigence encompasses her struggle to remain relevant during Jefferson’s development. Emily Grierson’s insistence on living in the past and her re fusal to change establish her as the embodiment of decay through the descriptions of her house, her stubbornness, her appearance, and the poisoning of Homer Barron. Faulkner embodies Emily as a representation of decay through the descriptions of her house. Emily’s house â€Å"that had once been white . . . on what had once been our most select street† (95) is the manifestation of her deterioration and isolation from the community. This contrast between the former grandiose appearance and the deteriorating present state of the houseShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

Strategic Human Resource Management Case Study - 1167 Words

Strategic Human Resource Management In today’s business world, the most powerful asset to a company and what deserves the most attention are their employees. Businesses strive for a high profitable environment by sustaining a competitive edge in the market that they operate. There are a lot of factors that drive a businesses’ success level, but the employees are by far the most vital resource to a company’s well being. Research has shown that productivity and overall performance are related to the employee’s job satisfaction. The human resource management department of a company focuses on the needs of their employees while promoting their overall goals. It is important to retain good employees, and provide the necessary training to get†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Strategic planning is a process that results in a strategic plan – the organization’s long-term objective. Strategic plans have a strong external orientation because they deal with the long-term survival, val ue, and growth of the organization† (Fratricova 150). Companies who are successful, have strategically chosen their employees that fit their company, and will help promote growth. In order to sustain competitive advantage in the business world, as a company, thinking ahead is an important process of sustaining this advantage. SHRM helps layout a selective hiring environment strategy necessary in order to achieve its position within an organization. â€Å"Because we are in the business area, strategy is the way in which the organization will survive in its competitive environment. It is the organization’s sustainability planâ€Å" (Fratrivoca 150). Supporting optimal employee performance is another job of strategic human resource management, and an advantage for any business that has SHRM. Promoting employee performance is necessary in order to continue to grow as a company. One thing company’s must do in order to be successful is evaluate the performance of the ir employees and the contribution they have made to the company. SHRM help companies strategically support and encourage their employees, especially when they contribute to the

Social Media Marketing Efficient Social Media

Question: Write an essay about 10 to 15 unique approaches to social media marketing. Answer: Approaches to Social Media Marketing The social media marketing approaches highlight the way the market information can be given to customers as a medium of communication channel that not only increases the target audiences but also helps in increasing the visibility of the company. The different approaches that are used in social media marketing are: The three basic ways of applying to social media marketing is through content marketing where it marketing helps in attracting new and retaining old customers with a view of curating relevant as well as valuable content with the motive of enhancing consumer behavior. It refers to non-interruption marketing as well. On the other hand, search and repurposing highlights public relation strategies to address issues with the art of communicating with new customers and focusing on the purpose of the content strategy (Flannery Potten 2016). Moreover, approaches applied to social media marketing are: Digital Advertising The digital advertising illustrates images that gets more engagement. The leveraging of content while promoting the visual can be shared repeatedly as a way of featuring image. The targeting and retargeting can be done through popular websites like Pinterest, Instogram, and Snapchat. Google Search Advertising The Google search advertising is popular as it reckons to be easy to apply through a search engine. Headlines Matter The creation of better titles is promotable in social media. The tool like BuzzSumo helps to research titles for the same type of content in social network. Customizing of Platform The posting features includes using headlines, image as well as content to use for catching the users eye. Sharing on the Right Platform The content needs to be shared onvarious sites that fosters innovation and stays creative to engage the audience. Cross Posting Cross posting of pictures or video on one search engine can be a great idea to increase the customers of social media marketing (Simply Zesty 2016). Pay to Play Paid Social is mainstream as content can be promoted based on news feeds of social media users where visibility can be guaranteed. Maximize your Brand Advocates The brand advocates can be maximized based on advocacy tools like Gaggle AMP and Social Chorus. Leverage Communities The communities that promote social media users helps in utilizing the strength in number approach such as LinkedIn and Twitter. Experiment with Content Creator Communities Communities like Triberr, Viral Content Buzz as well as Social Buzz Club highlights the sole purpose of bringing together content creators that not only enhance social media promotion but also helps in promoting ones own content (Schaffer 2016). Big Splash This method helps companies creating social connections seeking to be viral sensations. The examples that have been successful at it are Virgin Atlantic Airways and Oreos popular tweet. Thought Leadership This approach highlights a favorable light to the companies by expanding their credibility and expertise like IBM and SAP employed this strategy (Lazarus 2013). References 6 Methods For Efficient Social Media Marketing. (2016).Simply Zesty. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.simplyzesty.com/blog/article/march-2013/6-methods-for-efficient-social-media-marketing Flannery, K. Potten, L. (2016).Utilizing Contemporary Marketing Approaches and Social Media to Recruit New pools of Foster Carers.acwa.asn.au. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.acwa.asn.au/sites/default/files/acwaconf14.pdf Lazarus, N. (2013).5 Different Ways to Approach Social Media Branding.Adweek.com. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.adweek.com/prnewser/5-different-approaches-to-social-media-branding/60180 Schaffer, N. (2016).11 Effective Ways to Use Social Media to Promote Your Content - Content Marketing Forum.Content Marketing Forum. Retrieved 9 August 2016, from https://www.curata.com/blog/11-effective-ways-to-use-social-media-to-promote-your-content

Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii Essay Example

Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii Essay WWII and the Holocaust were two key events of the 20th century. Each had their own causes and historical factors leading up to their development. While the two events occurred close to each other each developed independently and neither was cause for the other. Anti-Jewish prejudice has a long history and was present in Germany long before WWII. The German people elected the Nazi party and it was its rise to power that lead to WWII. The Nazi party had many other strange policies that, while not as extreme as the Jewish policies, were odd and extreme in different way. The roots of WWII are based on the Nazi party’s economic policies and not as a mask for genocide. Therefore WWII was not a cause of the Holocaust and it was not used as a mask for the Holocaust. Prejudice against Jews has existed from pre B. C. times through the Holocaust to the present day. There are countless examples throughout history of Jewish persecution. One of the earliest references to other nationalities persecuting Jews is told in the Bible’s Book of Exodus. The Exodus of the Israelites (Jews) from Egypt is the theme described in the above-mentioned book after the Egyptians treated them as slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Root Causes of the Holocaust and Wwii specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the First Crusade, 1096, communities on the Rhine and the Danube were utterly destroyed. In the Second Crusade, 1147, the Jews in France were subject to frequent massacres. The Jews were also subjected to attacks by the Shepherds’ Crusades of 1251 and 1320. The Crusades were followed by expulsions, including in, 1290, the banishing of all English Jews; in 1396, 100,000 Jews were expelled from France; and, in 1421 thousands were expelled from Austria. These examples show how throughout history Jews have been persecuted and discriminated against by various nations. Several European writers twisted Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to suggest there was a hierarchy of races with Jews at the bottom. â€Å"In addition, misuse of the theory of evolution was an important factor in the extreme forms of racism, especially that against blacks and Jews, that flourished at the turn of the century and for many years beyond. † This quotation helps support the idea that The Theory of Evolution has been used in only extreme cases of racism and the Nazi party used this theory to prove that Jews are inferior. Jews have been portrayed as moneylenders and manipulators of financial systems. In Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice, the character Shylock is a Jew and seen as the villain of the story. To begin with the Merchant of Venice, for most of the history of the reception of the play, Shylock has been seen as fundamentally an unsympathetic character if not a villain. He is also often seen as a caricature of a grasping, vicious and resentful Jew. The debate is not about whether or not Shylock is bad, but really is about whether Shylock is bad because he is a bad Jew or bad because he is simply a Jew. This quotation, as said by Hussein Ibish, proves that even Shakespeare was racist towards Jews. This is another historical example that the Nazis used to suggest that the Jews were the cause of the poor German economy. The Nazi party tapped into shared German feelings of the above points to rise in popularity with the voters. The Nazi party utilized the German people’s prejudices and worries to get democratically elected. Due to the Treaty of Versailles that ended WWI, Germany was sentenced to make payments to the victors. This crushed the German economy and made the people unhappy and in search of someone who could bring them out of this mess. The Nazi party rose in popularity due to poor economic conditions and the people’s fear of the rise of the communist party given the mess that Russia was in due to communism. In December of 1928, Joseph Goebbels posted an essay to persuade the Germans not to buy goods from the Jews. The essay was called â€Å"Deutsche, kauft nur bei Juden! † When translated, it means â€Å"Germans: Don’t buy from the Jew! He believed the Jews produced bad quality goods and would cheat you out of a good price. Because the Jew sells cheap, but shoddy merchandise, whereas the German sets a proper price for good merchandise. Because the Jew cheats you, whereas the German treats you fairly and honestly. Because you can buy all sorts of trash from the Jew, but the German sells mostly only quality goods. The Nazi party promised a solution to the economic problem t hat was affecting all of Germany. In 1928 the Nazi party came in 2nd and by the 1932 election they won the majority of seats. The economy was still in crisis. In the election of July 1932, the Nazi Party won 37% of the Reichstag seats, thanks to a massive propaganda campaign. For the next six months, the most powerful German leaders were embroiled in a series of desperate political maneuverings. Ultimately, these major players severely underestimated Hitlers political abilities. It was the people of Germany that put Nazi party in power which caused them to takeover and become greedy with power. In January 1933 Hitler was appointed German Chancellor. In the March 1933 final election the parliament votes to give Chancellor total power putting an end to the Catholic party. Later that year, President Hindenburg died and Hitler blended the two roles of President and Chancellor under the title of Der Fuhrer. The people had so much faith in the Nazi party that they allowed them to take complete control by democratic elections. The people voted in the Nazi party which allowed them to enact numerous extreme policies. The Nazi party also had many other oppressive policies at this time besides the anti-Jewish ones. The party promoted removing women from the workforce to help male employment rates and offered money to women to have kids; more kids more money. The money came from taxing single men and childless families heavily. On November 14, 1935 a law was passed banning German marriage to gypsies, negroes and people of mixed race (this would include jews). NOVEMBER 14, 1935? NUREMBERG LAW EXTENDED TO OTHER GROUPS? The first supplemental decree of the Nuremberg Laws extends the prohibition on marriage or sexual relations between people who could produce racially suspect offspring. A week later, the minister of the interior interprets this to mean relations between those of German or related blood and Roma (Gypsies), blacks, or their offspring. This policy displays how the Nazi party was not just racist towards Jews, but they viewed themselves as the dominant race above all others. Women were expected to have at least 4 children and if they did they received a medal every year on the birthday of Hitler’s grandmother. The Nazi party also forced teachers to follow revised textbooks. School lessons were based on Nazi ideas. Math problems involved calculations about bombing targeted countries such as Poland and killing invalids. Schools were single sex and girls were educated much differently. They studied no foreign languages and the only subjects they were taught related to cooking and childcare. By changing the textbooks for children in school is made Germans look good in history; history has to show they are the superior race and make up for the fact that they lost WWI. The Nazi party also banned Mickey Mouse and Disney movies. The fate of Mickey Mouse under the Third Reich offers a bizarre insight into the impact of Nazi policies relating to the media and the control of ideas. Hitler ordered the Disney films featuring him and other cartoon characters to be banned. The Nazis accused Walt Disney himself of having Jewish ancestry and feared that his innocent-seeming cartoons threatened Germans with being ‘infected by undesirable cultural influences’. Even more striking is the interpretation that Mickey Mouse could be seen as positively symbolizing the Jewish ‘outsider† overcoming adversity and that, Hitler loathed the portrayal of the mouse as clean and harmless since his propaganda machine was focused on representing Jews as dirty vermin. Walt Disney was thought to be a Jew and mice are vermin, like Jews. This goes to show how twisted the minds of the Nazi party really were to ban an innocent cartoon character because of what it could be morphed to stand for. It wasn’t until 1941, well after the start of the war, that the Nazis decided to kill the Jews and began sending them to extermination camps in eastern European countries such as Poland. This was the Holocaust. This policy was created by Hitler’s senior officers in the party (Himmler, Heydrich and Eichmann) and Hitler allowed it. This policy was not made public and only after the war ended was the full extent of it discovered. The Nazi party also had extreme solutions for their economic issues. The attention of the Belgian, Czechoslovak, G reek, Jugoslav, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norwegian, Polish, Soviet, United Kingdom and United States Governments and also of the French National Committee has been drawn to numerous reports from Europe that the German authorities, not content with denying to persons of Jewish race in all the territories over which their barbarous rule has been extended, the most elementary human rights, are now carrying into effect Hitler’s oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe. This was the most extreme of the policies, but it was just another policy, not the idea intended from the start. The above policies show that the Nazis could provide extreme solutions and this will be shown in their economic solutions as well. The true cause of WWII flows from the Nazi party solution to Germanys economic problems. The Nazi solution to shortages was to create a plan to acquire more land and raw materials. I today present the following as the new Four-Year Plan. In four years Germany must be wholly independent of foreign areas in those materials which can be produced in any way through German ability, through our chemical and machine industry, as well as through our mining industry. The re-building of this great German raw material industry will serve to give employment to the masse. This quotation was a proclamation from Hitler proving that the Nazis was not just simply to take over. They were mainly focused on acquiring more raw materials. Germany deployed the strategy by taking over Austria, parts of France and Czechoslovakia. He attached Austria to Germany in just few days, without the help of his army. In fact his generals were against an Austrian invasion. Italy was supposed to defend Austria; they had a pact. Italy did not respond; not against Hitler. † Britain and France continued to let Hitler expand more in hopes he would soon be satisfied, but their assumptions were wrong and he continued to expand. In an effort to avoid war , the leaders of several European countries met in Munich to discuss how to avoid war and establish a peaceful Europe. Hitler demanded parts of Czechoslovakia be absorbed into Germany, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed, giving Hitler a chunk of Czechoslovakia that was home to three million ethnic Germans. With these deal in place, Chamberlain believed he had satisfied the German war machine. Germany expanded into other countries while Britain and France foolishly allowed it. Germany invading Poland was finally too much for Britain and France to handle so on September 3, 1939 they declared war. At 4:45 a. . , some 1. 5 million German troops invade Poland all along its 1,750-mile border with German-controlled territory. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action, but Britain and France were not convinced. On September 3, they declared war on Germany, initiating World War II. Germanys invasion per their economic policy pushed France and Britain too far and finally triggered the war. It was Germanys economic policy of expansions that triggered the wa r, nothing else. The above paragraphs of historical fact show that the war started before the Holocaust and its causes were independent of the causes of the Holocaust. We have seen how prejudice against Jews has built up over time and how the Nazi party took it to the extreme by starting a mass genocide in 1941 – the Holocaust. We have also seen that the Nazi solution to Germany’s economic problems relied on taking over countries to get resources and cheap labour, which eventually lead to the declaration of war in 1939. These were two independent paths. War was declared before the Holocaust and for reasons that had nothing to do with the Holocaust. The world didn’t even know in 1939 about the atrocity that was to come. This it is clear from historical fact that WWII was neither a cause of the Holocaust or a mask for it. [ 1 ]. Bible Gate Way, Exodus 1:8-14 http://www. biblegateway. com/passage/? search=Exodus+1version=GNT [ 2 ]. Wikipedia, â€Å"History of the Jews and the Crusades. † http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_the_Crusades [ 3 ]. Dr. Jerry Bergman, â€Å"Darwinism, Evolution, and Racism. † Bible Believers, http://www. biblebelievers. net/creationscience/kjcevol1. htm [ 4 ]. Hussein Ibish, â€Å"Anti-Semitism in The Merchant of Venice and The Jew of Malta,† The Weblog of Hussein Ibish, http://ibishblog. com/blog/hibish/2009/12/05/anti_semitism_merchant_venice_and_jew_malta [ 5 ]. Joseph Goebbels, Germans, Buy only from the Jews!. Calvin College Minds In The Making. (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. , 1935), pp. 331-333 http://www. calvin. edu/academic/cas/gpa/angrif10. htm [ 6 ]. The Florida

Literary Wit and Wisdom

Literary Wit and Wisdom Chinua Achebe (1930-2013, Nigeria): â€Å"We cannot trample upon the humanity of others without devaluing our own. The Igbo, always practical, put it concretely in their proverb Onye ji onye nani ji onwe ya: He who will hold another down in the mud must stay in the mud to keep him down,† The Education of a British-Protected Child. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986, Argentina): â€Å"You cant measure time by days, the way you measure money by dollars and cents, because dollars are all the same while every day is different and maybe every hour as well.† Willa Cather (1873-1947, United States): â€Å"In great misfortunes, people want to be alone. They have a right to be. And the misfortunes that occur within one are the greatest. Surely the saddest thing in the world is falling out of loveif once one has ever fallen in,† The Professor’s House. Kate Chopin (1850-1904, United States): â€Å"Some people are born with a vital and responsive energy. It not only enables them to keep abreast of the times; it qualifies them to furnish in their own personality a good bit of the motive power to the mad pace. They are fortunate beings. They do not need to apprehend the significance of things. They do not grow weary nor miss step, nor do they fall out of rank and sink by the wayside to be left contemplating the moving procession, The Awakening.    Victor Hugo (1802-1885, France) â€Å"What Is Love? I have met in the streets a very poor young man who was in love. His hat was old, his coat worn, the water passed through his shoes and the stars through his soul. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784, England): â€Å"A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it.† George Orwell (1903-1950, England) â€Å"A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it, 1984. Natsume SÃ… seki (1867-1916, Japan) â€Å"Approach everything rationally, and you become harsh. Pole along in the stream of emotions, and you will be swept away by the current. Give free rein to your desires, and you become uncomfortably confined. It is not a very agreeable place to live, this world of ours, The Three-Cornered World. John Steinbeck (1902-1968, United States) â€Å"Its so much darker when a light goes out than it would have been if it had never shone, The Winter of Our Discontent. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745, Ireland) â€Å"You should never be ashamed to admit you have been wrong. It only proves you are wiser today than yesterday. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910, Russia) â€Å"If, then, I were asked for the most important advice I could give, that which I considered to be the most useful to the men of our century, I should simply say: in the name of God, stop a moment, cease your work, look around you, Essays, Letters and Miscellanies. Edith Wharton (1862-1937, United States) â€Å"A classic is classic not because it conforms to certain structural rules, or fits certain definitions (of which its author had quite probably never heard). It is classic because of a certain eternal and irrepressible freshness.† Émile Zola (1840-1902, France) â€Å"If people can just love each other a little bit, they can be so happy,† Germinal.

Analysis of retail marketing

Analysis of retail marketing Retailing involves the selling of goods, services or merchandise from a fixed location (like departmental store, boutique), by mail or through the internet, in smaller lots for direct consumption by the customers. Subordinate services like delivery may be included. (Wikipedia) After studying the nature and role of retail and the global environment in which it operates, following is my research in this area: 1) Retail Internationalisation is much more than the opening of stores abroad: Retailing had always been a domestic market activity. However, an increasing number of retailers are no more confining their trading activities to the home-market (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing). Fashion retailers like The Gap, H&M, Zara, Gucci, etc recognised the benefits of crossing boundaries and thus, have sought to exploit international opportunities. Retail internationalisation is an essential ingredient for the global economy. Consumers are increasingly becoming international in their outlook due to business/pleasure travelling, access to internet, television, magazines, etc and are always seeking new experiences and a global appeal while shopping. International retailing satisfies the increasingly complex and demanding needs of global consumers. As retailers are cost-driven, consideration of key activities and procedures is necessary to achieve the tag of an international retailing business that is profitable. Internationalising retailers also gain sustainable competitive advantage. Wal-Mart and Tesco enjoy cost leadership & the benefits of operational efficiency. Brand strength is well known with Starbucks. Zara and H&M achieved fashion leadership whereas category dominance is prominent with IKEA. The motivations for international expansion: According to Williams, 1991, it is important to note those factors that motivate retailers to consider international markets as a strategy for growth. Amongst the various theoretical frameworks, the â€Å"push and pull† factors proposed by Alexander (1997) have emerged as key in interpreting retailer’s motives behind expansion into foreign markets. It focuses on why retailers are ‘pulled’ towards a foreign market and/or why they are ‘pushed’ to move out of their home market. According to Alexander (1997), retail internationalisation was a reaction to the bad internal market conditions, or the desire to further exploit trade competencies and opportunities abroad due to home-market saturation. The 21st century has given rise to an elite group of trans-national grocery retailers (like Wal-Mart, Tesco, Carrefour) for whom internationalisation is a defining element of their corporate philosophy. E.g. Tesco, with 15% turnover from outside the UK & 65,000 overseas staff, declares internationalisation as one of the four defining elements of its corporate strategy. Likewise, rigorous international strategy is being pursued by the Spanish footwear brand Camper, b y recognising their brand appeal, product range and limited sector-competition. (Moore and Fernie, International Retail Marketing) To conclude, retail internationalisation is not just about opening of stores abroad. It also involves: Synchronising cultural diversity Transferring knowledge and experience Sustainability and ethical aspects of retailing Young consumers and global trends Cross-boundary service quality The need to develop & manage stores in new markets The transfer of ‘invisible’ dimensions of retail such as know-how and expertise from one market to another Cost-saving reasons Achieving market differentiation 2) Provide a critique of the various methods of market entry that are available to the international retailer:

European Union Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

European Union Law - Essay Example Christian is a registered Danish citizen. Consequently, Denmark is an EU member country. The logic now sails through that Christian has the right to reside in the UK alongside his family. According to the EU charter Article 21(1) TFEU, every citizen of a country that is member of the EU has the right to move and also reside in any country that is a member of the union; however, the rights are subject to conditions laid down by the treaty.3 This clause states that citizens of member countries are not supposed to be distinguished by services offered by the state. In fact, the state is supposed to treat them as equals with the citizens, with equal employment opportunities, social security and other citizenship privileges. The law extends to the fact that any EU citizen can complain about services offered in the country in which he or she is a resident and a taxpayer. The carter provides for free passage and residence as long as; the person does not pose a public policy risk and is not a strain of public finances. Since he is not dependent and has a level of employable skills, Christian can reside in the UK indefinitely. Minh is a legal wife to Christian. Under EU law, a person married to a citizen of an EU member country gains automatic access to privileges enjoyed by citizens of the EU countries. In this regard, Minh has the legal right to stay in the UK as long as she is Christian wife. The EU recognizes the social setting and importance of incorporating family members who are not citizens of EU member countries. This applies and is limited to the nuclear family which includes parents and children. The only requirement to officiate the union is the presence of a marriage certificate from a recognized source that state the couple is in a familial relationship. Available information show that Minh has tried to apply for employment at a London college. It implies that she legible under UK labor laws to work and reside in the country. Therefore,

Impact of technology on patient care Research Paper - 1

Impact of technology on patient care - Research Paper Example Also, most cooking can be done in a matter of minutes with microwave technology. Our means of transportation has improved over time; cars now run on solar and even electric energy. Likewise, one could not discount the innovation in mobile technology. Now, people could not only call and receive messages from another person at the same time; but also see the person one is conversing with despite expansive geographical distance. Recently, a CNN report about the improvement in Twitter revealed that individuals chat with followers while viewing real time activities and instantly commenting on the account page. As such, advancement in technology has impacted most aspects of life; not leaving behind the area of health and patient care. Among the most noted technological advancement in this field include the application of the electronic health record, telemedicine, wireless communication, sensors and wearable technology, portal technology, mHealth, as well as other advanced medical tools, d rugs, and equipment (Jayanthi, 2014). As a result, the delivery of patient care has been noted to be more efficient as interventions are tailored to the unique health needs of culturally diverse clientele. In this regard, the current discourse hereby aims to present the impact of technology on patient care. The paper would initially provide a review of previous studies made on the subject; specifically how technology relates to patient care, how technological advancement impacted patient care, as well as the areas of patient care impacted.

IF - a victim of its own success :: essays research papers

IF it is true that familiarity breeds contempt, it would explain the contradictions that surround Rudyard Kipling's famous poem If-. On the one hand it is one of the most popular and best-known poems in the English language. On the other this enormous popularity has done it a disservice. For instance, despite appearing in many anthologies of verse, If- is excluded from The New Oxford Book of English Verse. Instead, editor Helen Gardner selects Kipling's Mandalay, Danny Deever, Cities and Thrones and Powers, The Way through the Woods, and the imperialistic Recessional. Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), poet, short-story writer and novelist, was born in Bombay. He was sent to England to be educated, and then returned to India at the age of 17, where he rapidly made a name for himself as a superb journalist and caustic observer of Anglo- Indian society. He returned to England in 1889, where he achieved celebrity status with his poems of army life, Barrack-Room Ballads (1892), which established him as an unofficial spokesman for the then much-despised British soldier, and for the British Empire. From this period until his death, Kipling's reputation was to vary according to the political climate. Kipling was inclined to be crudely chauvinistic, and to display unpleasant arrogance towards peoples ruled by or hostile to Britain, though he also emphasised British responsibility for the welfare of the governed peoples. Be that as it may, it is interesting to note that his most enduringly popular works are two of his children's books, The Jungle Book (1894-5) and the Just So Stories (1902), the latter of which Kipling illustrated himself. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907. Kipling's poetry is striking for its success in using, vividly and musically, popular forms of speech such as the dramatic monologue and ballad tradition. He was also able to write poetry appropriate for public occasions and capable of stirring the feelings of a large public. His poetry is generally simple in its components but, when it rises above the level of doggerel, strong in its impact. It needs to be read in selection. Which brings us back to If-. The poem first appeared in Kipling's less celebrated children's book Rewards and Fairies (1910). Apart from its over-quoted opening lines `If you can keep your head when all about you/Are losing theirs and blaming it on you', its most memorable lines are in the final stanza:

Catcher in the Rye Psychological Analysis Essay

J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye portrays Holden Caulfield, a New York City teenager in the 1950’s, as a manic-depressive. Some critics of Salinger’s novel assert that Holden is too whiney and annoying as a character. What these critics fail to realize is that Holden’s actions throughout the novel perfectly exemplify that of a depressed teenager. Manic depression, compulsive lying, and immaturity throughout the novel characterize Holden. Holden’s depression finds its roots with the death of his brother, Allie. Holden is expelled from numerous schools due to his poor academics brought on by his depression. The manner that Holden sees himself and how he sees others leads him to be expelled from school. According to Michael Martin’s book titled Teen Depression, â€Å"depressed teenagers can struggle with depression for month or years. â€Å"It is a mental disorder which†¦ includes†¦ feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt, problems with concentration† (Teen Depression). Throughout the novel, Holden exhibits these symptoms quite frequently. In fact, Holden makes his depression clear when he expresses how, â€Å"packing depressed me a little,† (51, Catcher). Holden expresses these feelings when he packs his bags after being notified that he is expelled. Holden leaves school and heads for New York City, where he finds himself to be more lonely and depressed than ever. When alone, Holden laments that â€Å"what I really felt like doing was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out of the window. † (104, Catcher). Too ashamed to return home, knowing his mother will be upset and his father will be angry with him, Holden turns to thoughts of suicide. He also adds that â€Å"I wasn’t feeling sleepy or anything, but I was feeling sort of lousy. Depressed and all, I almost wished I was dead,† (90, Catcher). Critics tend to describe Holden as being just an angst riddled teenager, whose perspective of the world around him is warped. While these critics may view these attributes as annoying, they actually serve to provide an emotional depth onset by Holden’s depression. For example, Negativity and hopelessness is often a symptom of depression, so when Holden narrates, â€Å"I’m pretty sure he yelled â€Å"Good luck! † at me. I hope not. I hope to hell not. I’d never yell â€Å"Good luck! † at anybody. It sounds terrible, when you think about it. (78, Catcher) Salinger is simply channeling the thoughts of a depressed teenager. Depression is a disease which causes the victim to enter this pessimistic state of mind, so naturally outside observers may be irked by Holden’s actions. However, this excerpt clearly illustrates the warped mindset of a depressed teen. Depressed teenagers tend to believe that their situation is entirely hopeless, and cannot possibly be rectified. The utter hopelessness which accompanies depression is not a rare phenomenon and is perhaps the most troubling aspect of the disease. Holden’s actions in the novel could easily be attributed to these symptoms. According to Teen Depression, depressed teenagers tend to look for relief in sex, drugs, or alcohol abuse. In the short time frame of the novel, Holden sought out 2 out of the 3 aforementioned items. These actions could be attributed to his desire to seek out a temporary form of relief in his life. Drinking allows Holden to escape from his heavy, pessimistic mentality. While Holden was with the prostitute, he was able to rid himself of his overwhelming isolation. Eric Lomazoff summarizes Holden’s situation best when he says that Holden was simply â€Å"trying to make the best of his life, though ultimately loosing that battle† (Lomazoff). Holden Caulfield is not a bad person, as so many critics make him out to be. In fact, Lomazoff goes as far to say that Holden is â€Å"a good guy stuck in a bad world†. The main reason why The Catcher in the Rye is so revered is because Salinger is able to embody the perspective of a troubled teenager so seamlessly. Holden’s depression is perhaps the most critical component of Salinger’s story. It is clear that upon closer examination, one would discover that Holden is not just a troubled teenager, but a clinically depressed one.

Bessie Coleman, African American Woman Pilot

Bessie Coleman, a stunt pilot, was a pioneer in aviation. She was the first African American woman with a pilots license, the first African American woman to fly a plane, and the first American with an international pilots license.   She lived from  January 26, 1892 (some sources give 1893)  to April 30, 1926 Early Life Bessie Coleman was born in Atlanta, Texas, in 1892, tenth of thirteen children. The family soon moved to a farm near Dallas. The family worked the land as sharecroppers, and Bessie Coleman worked in the cotton fields. Her father, George Coleman, moved to Indian Territory, Oklahoma, in 1901, where he had rights, based on having three Indian grandparents. His African American wife, Susan, with five of their children still at home, refused to go with him. She supported the children by picking cotton and taking in laundry and ironing. Susan, Bessie Colemans mother, encouraged her daughters education, though she was herself illiterate, and though Bessie had to miss school often to help in the cotton fields or to watch her younger siblings. After Bessie graduated from eighth grade with high marks, she was able to pay, with her own savings and some from her mother, for a semesters tuition at an industrial college in Oklahoma, Oklahoma Colored Agricultural and Normal University. When she dropped out of school after a semester, she returned home, working as a laundress. In 1915 or 1916 she moved to Chicago to stay with her two brothers who had already moved there. She went to beauty school, and became a manicurist, where she met many of the black elite of Chicago. Learning to Fly Bessie Coleman had read about the new field of aviation, and her interest was heightened when her brothers regaled her with tales of French women flying planes in World War I. She tried to enroll in aviation school, but was turned down. It was the same story with other schools where she applied. One of her contacts through her job as a manicurist was Robert S. Abbott, publisher of the Chicago Defender. He encouraged her to go to France to study flying there. She got a new position managing a chili restaurant to save money while studying French at the Berlitz school. She followed Abbotts advice, and, with funds from several sponsors including Abbott, left for France in 1920. In France, Bessie Coleman was accepted in a flying school, and received her pilots license—the first African American woman to do so. After two more months of study with a French pilot, she returned to New York in September, 1921. There, she was celebrated in the black press and was ignored by the mainstream press. Wanting to make her living as a pilot, Bessie Coleman returned to Europe for advanced training in acrobatic flying—stunt flying. She found that training in France, in the Netherlands, and in Germany. She returned to the United States in 1922. Bessie Coleman, Barnstorming Pilot That Labor Day weekend, Bessie Coleman flew in an air show on Long Island in New York, with Abbott and the Chicago Defender as sponsors. The event was held in honor of black veterans of World War I. She was billed as the worlds greatest woman flyer. Weeks later, she flew in a second show, this one in Chicago, where crowds lauded her stunt flying. From there she became a popular pilot at air shows around the United States. She announced her intent to start a flying school for African Americans, and began recruiting students for that future venture. She started a beauty shop in Florida to help raise funds. She also regularly lectured at schools and churches. Bessie Coleman landed a movie role in a film called Shadow and Sunshine, thinking it would help her promote her career.   She walked away when she realized that the depiction of her as a black woman would be as a stereotypical Uncle Tom. Those of her backers who were in the entertainment industry in turn walked away from supporting her career. In 1923, Bessie Coleman bought her own plane, a World War I surplus Army training plane. She crashed in the plane days later, on February 4, when the plane nose-dived. After a long recuperation from broken bones, and a longer struggle to find new backers, she finally was able to get some new bookings for her stunt flying. On Juneteenth (June 19) in 1924 , she flew in a Texas air show. She bought another plane—this one also an older model, a Curtiss JN-4, one that was low-priced enough that she could afford it. May Day in Jacksonville In April, 1926, Bessie Coleman was in Jacksonville, Florida, to prepare for a May Day Celebration sponsored by the local Negro Welfare League. On April 30, she and her mechanic went for a test flight, with the mechanic piloting the plane and Bessie in the other seat, with her seat belt unbuckled so that she could lean out and get a better view of the ground as she planned the next days stunts. A loose wrench got wedged in the open gear box, and the controls jammed. Bessie Coleman was thrown from the plane at 1,000 feet, and she died in the fall to the ground. The mechanic could not regain control, and the plane crashed and burned, killing the mechanic. After a well-attended memorial service in Jacksonville on May 2, Bessie Coleman was buried in Chicago. Another memorial service there drew crowds as well. Every April 30, African American aviators—men and women—fly in formation over Lincoln Cemetery in southwest Chicago (Blue Island) and drop flowers on Bessie Colemans grave. Legacy of Bessie Coleman Black flyers founded the Bessie Coleman Aero Clubs, right after her death. the Bessie Aviators organization was founded by black women pilots in 1975, open to women pilots of all races. In 1990, Chicago renamed a road near OHare International Airport for Bessie Coleman. That same year, Lambert - St. Louis International Airport unveiled a mural honoring Black Americans in Flight, including Bessie Coleman. In 1995, the U.S. Postal Service honored Bessie Coleman with a commemorative stamp. In October, 2002, Bessie Coleman was inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in New York. Also known as:  Queen Bess, Brave Bessie Background, Family: Mother: Susan Coleman, sharecropper, cotton picker and laundressFather: George Coleman, sharecropperSiblings: thirteen total; nine survived Education: Langston Industrial College, Oklahoma - one semester, 1910Ecole dAviation des Freres, France, 1920-22Beauty school in ChicagoBerlitz school, Chicago, French language, 1920